| Broadcasting System Details
Information about analog video is quickly dissapearing with the conversions to digital video. Several countries havealready made the digital conversion however, here are technical specifications for:
video
stereo sound
subtitling
analog broadcasting standards by country.
Technical Specifications- Video
Code
| Frames
| Scan
Lines
| Freq
Band
| Sound
Offset
| Vision
Modulation
| In
Use
|
Terrestrial
Transmission Standards
|
A
| 25
| 405
| VHF
| -3.5MHz
| Pos
| No
|
B
| 25
| 625
| VHF
| +5.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
C
| 25
| 625
| VHF
| +5.5MHz
| Pos
| Yes
|
D
| 25
| 625
| VHF
| +6.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
E
| 25
| 819
| VHF
| +11MHz
| Neg
| No
|
F
| 25
| 819
| VHF
| +5.5MHz
| Pos
| No
|
G
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +5.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
H
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +5.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
I
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.0MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
K
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
KI
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
L
| 25
| 625
| UHF
| +6.5MHz
| Pos
| Yes
|
M
| 30
| 525
| VHF/UHF
| +4.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
N
| 25
| 625
| VHF/UHF
| +4.5MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
Satellite
Transmission Standards
|
Ku-Band
| Any
| Any
| ~11GHz
| +6.50MHz
| Neg
| Yes
|
C-Band
| Any
| Any
| ~4GHz
| +6.50MHz
| Pos
| Yes
|
Stereo Sound
- MTS - Used in conjunction with NTSC/525. Consists of two
independant carriers each carrying a discrete channel. One channel provides
stereo sound by providing left/right channel difference signals relative
to transmitted mono audio track. The second carrier carries the Secondary
Audio Program (SAP) which is used for a second language or a descriptive
commentary for the blind. Uses a technique based on the dbx noise reduction
to improve the frequency response of the audio channel.
- FM-FM - dual carrier FM coded discrete stereo transmissions,
analogue. Can be used for bi-lingual operation under user selection,
but no auto-selection is available. Audio characteristics better than
standard mono soundtrack.
- NICAM - (full name: NICAM 728) Digital two-channel audio
transmissions with sub-code selection of bi-lingual operation. Stereo
digital signals with specifications approaching those of Compact Disc
are possible. NICAM stands for Near Instantaneously Companded Audio
Multiplex and uses a 14bit sample at a 32KHz sampling rate which produces
a data stream of 728KBits/sec.
- CC - (full name: Closed Captioning) Transmitted on line
21 of NTSC/525 transmissions, contains subtitling information only.
CC has no support for block graphics or multiple pages but it can support
8-colours and the use of an italic typeface. Frequently found on pre-recorded
VHS cassettes and LDs, also used on broadcast. Also found on PAL/625
pre-recorded VHS cassettes in a modified version.
- TeleText - An information service of 200-700 "pages" covering
a wide range of topics including TV Schedules, News, Financial Market
prices, Comment, Reviews, Concert & Theatre information. Subtitles are
typically transmitted on page 888 in the UK, on pages 199/299/399 in
Belgium and Holland, on page 150 in Germany and on page 777 in Italy.
There are a number of variant character sets used, but the encoding
is identical and all English alphabet characters plus numbers and most
punctuation can be handled by any decoder. Includes support for 8 colors,
and limited block graphics, and selective revealing of underlying TV
picture. Transmitted on a variable number of lines (specified in header
which contains basic information such as time, date and channel), starting
on line 12 and continuing for 7-8 lines typically. Found on broadcasts
and some LaserDiscs; recording of TeleText signals is marginal on S-VHS,
almost impossible on VHS hence the PAL/625 version of CC.
The BBC-designed Teletext system is known in some quarters as World
Standard Teletext. There is an enhanced version known as Fastext which
defines four links to additional pages that can be followed with one of
four colored buttons on the Teletext receivers remote control. The U.S.
"CC" is known widely in technical circles as LITO = LIne Twenty-One! where
it lives.
Analog Broadcasting Systems by Country
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