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Broadcasting System Details

Information about analog video is quickly dissapearing with the conversions to digital video. Several countries havealready made the digital conversion however, here are technical specifications for:

  • video
  • stereo sound
  • subtitling
  • analog broadcasting standards by country.
  • Technical Specifications- Video

    Code
    Frames
    Scan
    Lines
    Freq
    Band
    Sound
    Offset
    Vision
    Modulation
    In Use
    Terrestrial Transmission Standards
    A
    25
    405
    VHF
    -3.5MHz
    Pos
    No
    B
    25
    625
    VHF
    +5.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    C
    25
    625
    VHF
    +5.5MHz
    Pos
    Yes
    D
    25
    625
    VHF
    +6.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    E
    25
    819
    VHF
    +11MHz
    Neg
    No
    F
    25
    819
    VHF
    +5.5MHz
    Pos
    No
    G
    25
    625
    UHF
    +5.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    H
    25
    625
    UHF
    +5.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    I
    25
    625
    UHF
    +6.0MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    K
    25
    625
    UHF
    +6.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    KI
    25
    625
    UHF
    +6.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    L
    25
    625
    UHF
    +6.5MHz
    Pos
    Yes
    M
    30
    525
    VHF/UHF
    +4.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    N
    25
    625
    VHF/UHF
    +4.5MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    Satellite Transmission Standards
    Ku-Band
    Any
    Any
    ~11GHz
    +6.50MHz
    Neg
    Yes
    C-Band
    Any
    Any
    ~4GHz
    +6.50MHz
    Pos
    Yes

    Stereo Sound

    • MTS - Used in conjunction with NTSC/525. Consists of two independant carriers each carrying a discrete channel. One channel provides stereo sound by providing left/right channel difference signals relative to transmitted mono audio track. The second carrier carries the Secondary Audio Program (SAP) which is used for a second language or a descriptive commentary for the blind. Uses a technique based on the dbx noise reduction to improve the frequency response of the audio channel.
    • FM-FM - dual carrier FM coded discrete stereo transmissions, analogue. Can be used for bi-lingual operation under user selection, but no auto-selection is available. Audio characteristics better than standard mono soundtrack.
    • NICAM - (full name: NICAM 728) Digital two-channel audio transmissions with sub-code selection of bi-lingual operation. Stereo digital signals with specifications approaching those of Compact Disc are possible. NICAM stands for Near Instantaneously Companded Audio Multiplex and uses a 14bit sample at a 32KHz sampling rate which produces a data stream of 728KBits/sec.
    • CC - (full name: Closed Captioning) Transmitted on line 21 of NTSC/525 transmissions, contains subtitling information only. CC has no support for block graphics or multiple pages but it can support 8-colours and the use of an italic typeface. Frequently found on pre-recorded VHS cassettes and LDs, also used on broadcast. Also found on PAL/625 pre-recorded VHS cassettes in a modified version.
    • TeleText - An information service of 200-700 "pages" covering a wide range of topics including TV Schedules, News, Financial Market prices, Comment, Reviews, Concert & Theatre information. Subtitles are typically transmitted on page 888 in the UK, on pages 199/299/399 in Belgium and Holland, on page 150 in Germany and on page 777 in Italy. There are a number of variant character sets used, but the encoding is identical and all English alphabet characters plus numbers and most punctuation can be handled by any decoder. Includes support for 8 colors, and limited block graphics, and selective revealing of underlying TV picture. Transmitted on a variable number of lines (specified in header which contains basic information such as time, date and channel), starting on line 12 and continuing for 7-8 lines typically. Found on broadcasts and some LaserDiscs; recording of TeleText signals is marginal on S-VHS, almost impossible on VHS hence the PAL/625 version of CC.

    The BBC-designed Teletext system is known in some quarters as World Standard Teletext. There is an enhanced version known as Fastext which defines four links to additional pages that can be followed with one of four colored buttons on the Teletext receivers remote control. The U.S. "CC" is known widely in technical circles as LITO = LIne Twenty-One! where it lives.

    Analog Broadcasting Systems by Country

    Country TV Color Stereo Subtitles
    Albania B/G PAL
    Argentina N PAL-N
    Australia B/G PAL FM-FM Teletext
    Austria B/G PAL FM-FM Teletext
    Azores (Portugal) B PAL
    Bahamas M NTSC
    Bahrain B PAL
    Barbados N NTSC
    Belgium B/G PAL Nicam Teletext
    Bermuda M NTSC
    Brazil M PAL-M MTS
    Bulgaria D SECAM
    Canada M NTSC MTS CC
    Canary Is B PAL
    China D PAL
    Colombia N NTSC
    Cyprus B PAL
    Czechsolvakia D/K SECAM/PAL
    Denmark B PAL Nicam TeleText
    Egypt B SECAM
    Faroe Islands (DK) B PAL
    Finland B/G PAL Nicam TeleText
    France E/L SECAM Antiope
    Gambia I PAL
    Germany B/G PAL FM-FM TeleText
    Germany (prev East) B/G SECAM/PAL
    Gibraltar B PAL
    Greece B/H SECAM
    Hong Kong I PAL Nicam
    Hungary B/G & D/K PAL Nicam (Budapest only)
    Iceland B PAL
    India B PAL
    Indonesia B PAL
    Iran H SECAM
    Ireland I PAL Nicam TeleText
    Israel B/G PAL Nicam TeleText
    Italy B/G PAL FM/FM TeleText
    Jamaica M SECAM
    Japan M NTSC Matrix
    Jordan B PAL
    Kenya B PAL
    Korea M NTSC
    Luxembourg B/G PAL - TeleText
    Madeira B PAL
    Madagascar B SECAM
    Malaysia B PAL
    Malta B/G PAL
    Mauritius B SECAM
    Mexico M NTSC MTS CC
    Monaco L/G SECAM/PAL
    Morocco B SECAM
    Netherlands B/G PAL FM-FM TeleText
    New Zealand B/G PAL Nicam TeleText
    North Korea D/K? SECAM
    Norway B/G PAL Nicam
    Pakistan B PAL
    Paraguay N PAL
    Peru M NTSC
    Philipines M NTSC
    Poland D/K PAL Teletext
    Portugal B/G PAL Nicam Teletext
    Romania G PAL
    Russia D/K SECAM
    Saudi Arabia B SECAM
    Seychelles I PAL
    Singapore B PAL
    South Africa I PAL
    South Korea N NTSC
    Spain B/G PAL Nicam
    Sri Lanka B/G PAL
    Sweden B/G PAL Nicam Teletext
    Switzerland B/G PAL FM-FM TeleText
    Tahiti KI SECAM
    Taiwan M NTSC
    Thailand B PAL
    Trinidad M NTSC
    Tunisia B SECAM
    Turkey B PAL TeleText
    United Arab Emirates B/G PAL
    United Kingdom I PAL Nicam TeleText
    Uruguay N PAL MTS
    USA M NTSC MTS CC
    Venezuela M NTSC
    Yugoslavia B/H PAL
    Zimbabwe B PAL
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